Notes to Immigration in 1904
Notes to Immigration in 1904
(1): Department of Labor, 1925, “Immigration and Emigration,” in Annual Report of Commissioner General of Immigration. https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/1926/compendia/statab/48ed/1925-03.pdf, pp. 84.
(2): Library of Congress, n.d., “Immigration to the United States, 1851-1900,” accessed March 12, 2026, https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/united-states-history-primary-source-timeline/rise-of-industrial-america-1876-1900/immigration-to-united-states-1851-1900/.
Notes to Leaving Europe
(1): Alexander Klein, Max-Stephan Schulze, and Tamás Vonyó, 2017, “How Peripheral was the Periphery? Industrialization in East Central Europe since 1870,” in Kevin Hjortshøj O'Rourke, and Jeffrey Gale Williamson (eds), The Spread of Modern Industry to the Periphery since 1871. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198753643.003.0004.
(2): Marcella Bencivenni, 2020, "The Italian Immigrant Working-Class Experience in the United States," Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History, https://oxfordre.com/americanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.001.0001/acrefore-9780199329175-e-685.
(3): Antoine Resche, 2020, “The Role of Transatlantic Shipping Companies in Euro-American Relations,” Encyclopédie d'histoire numérique de l'Europe [online], https://ehne.fr/en/node/12471; Antoine Resche, 2024, “European Migrants’ Crossings to the United States (1880-1925),” Encyclopédie d'histoire numérique de l'Europe [online], https://ehne.fr/en/node/14184.
(4): J-P. Rodrigue, 2024, “Liner Transatlantic Crossing Times, 1833 – 1952,” in The Geography of Transport Systems, Sixth Edition, New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003343196.
(5): Edward A. Steiner, 1906, On the Trail of the Immigrant, New York: Fleming H. Revell and Company, https://books.google.com/books?id=tQUm2UB-eRAC&source=gbs_navlinks_s, pp. 35.
Notes to At Ellis Island
(1): Douglas C. Baynton, 2016, Defectives in the Land: Disability and Immigration in the Age of Eugenics, Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, pp. 119.
(2): Elizabeth Yew, 1980, “Medical inspection of immigrants at Ellis Island, 1891-1924,” Bulletin of New York Academy of Medicine 56(5): 494, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1805119/.
Notes to Detention and Deportation
(1): Bernard Glueck, 1913, “The Mentally Defective Immigrant,” New York Medical Journal October 1913, Thomas W. Salmon Collection, Oskar Diethelm Library, https://dcmny.org/do/600f5187-e3a1-4aab-b205-9746f8bf770e#page/1, pp. 15-20.
(2): Anne-Emanuelle Birn, 1997, "Six Seconds Per Eyelid: The Medical Inspection of Immigrants at Ellis Island, 1892-1914," DYNAMIS. Acta Hisp. Med. Sci. Hist. Zllus. 17: 304. PMID: 11623552.
(3): Department of Labor, 1925, “Immigration and Emigration,” in Annual Report of Commissioner General of Immigration. https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/1926/compendia/statab/48ed/1925-03.pdf, pp. 84.